The Epic of Gilgamesh Essay Example for Free

The Epic of Gilgamesh Essay What is the authentic centrality of The Epic of Gilgamesh? The chronicled hugeness of The Epic of Gilgamesh was being the primary perfect work of art of World Literature that dated in 2800 BCE. The Epic of Gilgamesh depicted the way of life, accepted, and culture of individuals lived during that time. The account of Gilgamesh hold huge history esteems since the it was lost in 100 BEC until the British Archeologist discovered it again in 1840s CE. Rediscovered the tablet of the Gilgamesh permits present day to make association with the past. What does this story educate us concerning the human condition? The human condition in that period are consider to be lacking and Gilgamesh picture as a ruler with capacity to do whatever he wish until the divine beings chooses to rebuff him. From that case of the story it reveal to us that the general public follow under one ruler and class among rich and poor are enormously separated. What does this story inform us concerning the way of life that created it? Base on the tale of Gilgamesh, individuals didn't completely see dead or ability to adapt to dead yet rather they firmly put stock in divine beings and folklore animals. I accept that Men and Women are being view as equivalent and they are genuinely open about their sexual way of life in the tale of Gilgamesh. People share a similar degree of societal position and ladies assume significant job during Gilgameshs time which can be viewed as Shamhat, a human who was sent to by the divine beings to entice Enkidu and change him from the brute way of life to human way of life. Does this epic hold any message for us today? The message in The Epic of Gilgamesh reveal to us that human in that period gazing to acknowledged and scrutinize the division of life and dead. Starting today, we are as yet attempting to comprehend and characterize whether individuals life end when they kick the bucket or there are other world that determine for the dead. This epic likewise bring up that human are configuration to live in a general public, and not intended to be distant from everyone else. This can be viewed as Gilgamesh changed when he met Enkidu, Gilgamesh additionally took in the significant of a fellowship, friendship, and finally figured out how to distress an affection one when Enkidu kicked the bucket.

Different Cultures Essay

Investigate how connections are obliged and impacted by the conventions and limitations of the various societies apparent in the short stories in segment 3 of the Edexcel treasury. Nation Lovers, A Stench of Kerosene and Veronica are stories that share huge likenesses with one another. The out happen to every story genuinely influenced the characters in every one of them. The subsequent out come is because of social laws. These three stories all have a ground-breaking state in culture in various pieces of the world. They each uncover the life of individuals living in a culture entirely different to culture in England. The result of A Stench of Kerosene shows what it resembled for a lady in North India to be fruitless. There is no genuine awful and great culture since they are totally observed from various perspectives. English culture can without much of a stretch be decided by somebody living in a culture totally extraordinary to our own. Culture is distinctive all over the place yet as the day ages so can culture. These three stories truly plot the sexual orientation isolation, social isolation, racial isolation and instructive isolation. What is intriguing to discover in these short stories are the means by which individuals can be so but to their way of life and it gives us how culture is something we as a whole finish and is given to us and we give it to our kids. One might say that orchestrated relationships are awful however of course in an Indian culture they could be something worth being thankful for and non-masterminded relationships are awful. Various zones on the planet have various societies yet some social perspectives can be changed by various races living in a nation like Britain for instance if a dark lady originated from South Africa during the Apartheid their social convictions could be enormously influenced. These three stories truly pin point the out happen to youthful people’s lives as they adjust to their way of life, sex, class and the lessons from their folks or parents in law. Our way of life and where we live influences our learning and comprehension of life significantly and that is the thing that I will be taking a gander at in detail. In the story Country Lovers, which is composed by Nadine Gordimer, the connection among Paulus and Thebedi is taboo because of race . The Their relationship was just physical. â€Å"When he was 15 and six feet tall, and tramping round at school hits the dance floor with the young ladies from the ‘sister’ school in a similar town; when he had figured out how to prod and be a tease and stroke personally with these young ladies who were the little girls of prosperous ranchers like his more distant; when he had even met one who, at a wedding he had gone to with his folks on a close by ranch, had let him do with her what individuals do when they made love† shows how Paulus is reckless for different people groups feelings and he just needed something physical. He didn't need an important relationship. Paulus needed something physical, not to communicate his feelings. As I would like to think Paulus is the sort to play young ladies and doesn’t comprehend a caring relationship. His body has developed unquestionably more than his heart and mind. I think Paulus was simply attempting to dazzle individuals and uncover a dissident piece of him and attempts to be a run of the mill, white, adolescent male in South Africa so nobody can speculate his sexual relationship with Thebedi. At the point when he converses with Thebedi he believes he doesn’t need to intrigue her as he attempts to do at school with the white kids. Thebedi’s character is unquestionably progressively unique then Paulus’. I couldn't help thinking that toward the start of the story she had genuine affections for Paulus. â€Å"She told the young ladies in the kraal that she had another darling no one thought about, far away, away on another homestead and they laughed and prodded and respected her† stressing the way that despite the fact that she realizes nobody should think about Paulus, she despite everything felt she expected to uncover her actual sentiments to the young ladies in the kraal. â€Å"He had said the locals made them on his father’s farm† shows he was too humiliated to even consider saying that the arm band that he got was made by his dark companion who chips away at his father’s ranch. The administration didn’t care for its dark individuals as they set up the shading bar which implied that every single dark laborer were to lose their positions and be supplanted by unfit white individuals with know occupations. White bosses chose not to work until the dark individuals returned and the new unfit white individuals were expelled from the work place. In 1 914, after a strike from the directors, the administration chose all races could be utilized by their capabilities. Likewise Black and White connections were Illegal because of the unethical behavior act which forestalled it. The corruption demonstration was begun in 1948 and because of fair decisions was halted in 1994. The unethical behavior act didn’t just forestall white and dark relations yet Indian and shaded relations too. This was on the grounds that the legislature needed the white race as the top class. This implied if two races were to have a relationship it implied two classes were having a relationship. The dark network got the most noticeably awful instruction, clinical medications and homes. This was on the grounds that it was completely placed in their country by the legislature. The administration said they needed to get ready dark individuals for their future as common laborers. High contrast connections were disfavor to both family gatherings. Nadine Gordimer, the writer in Country Lovers, describes as an outsider looking in and turns out to be extremely confined; this makes the peruser truly feel what the characters felt. Since the story was written in third individual we plainly observe the genuine sentiments and circumstances of the character. I figure the writer of this story may have done this since she may have needed the peruser to concentrate on the characters circumstance as opposed to telling the peruser. The storyteller discusses politically-sanctioned racial segregation which was a troublesome time for dark individuals, however she doesn’t state whether politically-sanctioned racial segregation was positive or negative, leaving the peruser to make their own perspectives on it. A great deal of the story depends on our judgment and what we believe is good and bad. Once more, what I’ve saw about this story is despite the fact that Paulus and Thebedi live in a similar homestead their societies are div erse because of class contrasts which is like Veronica. In A Stench of Kerosene I comprehended that Guleri and Manak cherished each other however North Indian social conventions made things harder for them. Because of her way of life Guleri’s life appears to be dull. She does likewise things each day of her life. â€Å"She tallied the days to the harvest†. Shows how tallying the days would cause time to pass by and gives her something to anticipate. Guleri is distinctive to Manak on the grounds that she won’t let things hold her up. She’s increasingly out spoken. She recognizes what she needs. â€Å"Your mother said nothing so for what reason do you remain in my why?† exhibiting her frank character in this story. Her character is far various to Manak’s. Manak has a more vulnerable yet similarly significant character. He doesn’t prevent his mom from orchestrating another marriage. He doesn’t stand up like Guleri. He lets Guleri forget about with revealing to her anything about his subsequent marriage. â€Å"Manak needed to counter, you are a lady; why don’t you cry like one for a change† exhibits how he really feels however is too frightened to even think about facing the matron that is his mom. Because of the jobs of men and lady in North Indian culture Guleri invested heaps of energy cleaning the house, taking care of the creatures and making nourishment for her folks that she and Manak must have once in a while observed one another. What can intrigue the peruser is the image of his woodwind as what can be seen as his undying adoration for her. When Guleri instructs him to take his woodwind he says â€Å"you take it†. This shows his sentiments towards her. He’s ready to give her something of his that is so significant. The Hindu demonstration of marriage was made unlawful in 1955 as it was making youngsters end it all. Lady would consume themselves on the off chance that they were separated or in light of the fact that they were being harmed by their better half and his family. There are numerous cases like Guleri’s in North India. In A Stench of Kerosene Amrita Pritam never makes reference to where they are. How I realize the story is set in North India is on the grounds that she utilizes words found in that district on the planet like charpoy, chillum/hookah and dupattas. Additionally orchestrated relationships happen in Arab nations just as India. The story is set in third individual so the peruser gets the chance to decipher each one feelings instead of one person’s feeling. The creator recounts to the story for what it's worth. She discusses what they do and their looks which can let us choose whether how they feel at that point. The peruser gets the opportunity to see the story in such a significant number of various points. This strategy for composing allows the peruser to turn into a subsequent author. In Veronica the companionship among Veronica and Okeke is to do with how agreeable they are with one another. They don’t quarrel or contend yet find a sense of contentment with one another. They are genuine companions. â€Å"But for all the wretchedness in her own life she never appeared to envy mine† shows how they are easygoing together. They are closest companions. They don’t need to show each other up. Okeke is the kind of individual to hold onto existence with two hands and not let go. â€Å"I had won a grant to the university† shows how he develops scholastically. He needs to see a greater amount of the world. His thoughts of life contrasted with veronica are absolutely inverse. He takes advantage of any great lucky break in life valuable to him however Veronica is a passivist. She trusts that things will come her direction. This is because of her social childhoods. In the story it doesn’t truly notice in the case of being a passivist is an aw ful or beneficial thing since that is for the peruser to choose. Her way of life may have trained her to acknowledge what life gives so she should think it’s something worth being thankful for. My way of life has not instructed me to be a passivist consequently in my operation

Topic Area Management And Marketing In Small And Medium

Topic Area Management And Marketing In Small And Medium Topic Area: Management And Marketing In Small And Medium Enterprise{see Details Below â€" Essay Example > Management and Marketing in Small and medium Enterprise: A Case Study of WB Engineering limited(2006)INTRODUCTIONThe flexible nature of management of small and medium scale firm has made the management style in this structure of organization to be difficult. The structure and the size of resources available to small and medium scale organizations these have jointly constituted a factor that makes the management styles in small firms to be at variance with what is obtainable in large-scale organizations. In the view of Slatter (1992:159) cited Collins Ram, 2003, “managing fast growth in entrepreneurial firms is one of the most difficult challenges that exists”. Owners often struggle to balance the flexibility required to keep pace with customers demands, with the stability needed to provide employees with a sense of continuity and security. Hence management essentially comprises a careful balancing act between strong leadership and decentralized task-oriented management; and p rocesses involving organizational cohesion and those promoting individual responsibility (Collins Ram, 2003). As a small and medium scaled firm expands and begin to transform into a large sized organization there is the need for such transformation to be commensurate to changes in management style that hitherto had being practiced; this need be done so that a lacuna would not be created and a lost of touch and proper control of the expanding resources. There is also the need to be awoken to current trend in our everyday dynamic business environment. The non-adherence to these little but significant facts has rendered many well to do but poorly managed organizations to die a premature death. This write up would be looking at those factors that had imposed the difficulty our case study (WB Engineering Limited) is passing through. And solutions on how to curtail these would be proffered. CONCEPTUALIZATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ORGANIZATIONThe term ‘small’ is a relative one it is not absolute. The line separating small from large is in a continuum and an issue that is inevitably arbitrary. According to Odaka Sawai (1999), “small business is a generic concept. Being the antonym of big business, its social significance becomes clearer when placed in the historical context where the latter first appeared in the world economy”. Bolton 1971, cited in Bannock (2005), he identified three characteristics in its economic definitions of a small firm: A small market share, that is not large enough to influence national price or qualities (even though a village shop may be the only one, its prices cannot get too far out of line from those of major national retailers in the nearest town, even though people will pay something for local convenience) Managed in a personalized way: the owner actively participates in all aspects of the business unlike in a large firm where the shareholders and management are usually almost entirely separate. Independ ence or the exercise of ultimate management responsibility. A small subsidiary of a large firm, which has a head office to report to, does not share these characteristics. The above characteristics are usually identified with vast majority of business, which are inherently small in size.

Definition of the Preterite Tense in Spanish

Because I Could Not Stop for Death Analysis Essay

â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death† Analysis The poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† by Emily Dickinson presents captivating themes on the cycle of life, time, and death. The first two lines, â€Å"Because I could not stop for death - / He kindly stopped for me – â€Å" (Dickinson 679; Stanza 1, Line 1 2), capture the poem’s central theme, but the interpretations of that theme vary widely. This variation would have to do with how one would interpret Death. The three varied elements that are used to describe the theme are the civil character of Death, how Death has to do with the eternal life and, and sailing through time in order to look back at seeing the positives of living every day life. One would†¦show more content†¦Some examples of images that she sees while she is on her journey with Death are: children playing, wheat growing, and the sun setting. The children that she sees playing â€Å"in the Ring† have a major influence of human beings because they symbolize eternity. The wheat that grows symbolizes the natural world as she currently views it. However, as time changes, the grain appears to be â€Å"gazing† at her, or observing her with much interest. The â€Å"setting sun† represents the life clock, which is also known as the thing that humans measure as the amount of time left to live on earth. As time passes by, she passes with Death into another phase or dimension. This all ties into what the young woman strives to do. As she journey’s with Death, she relates everything that she does in every day living as something she would still see when she is already dead. She tries to repress the stress of living, but tries to think about it in a positive way. She temporarily loses herself in a wonderland, where she imagines that everything she sees when she travels with Death is a pleasant experience. Afterwards, she then tries to think positively of what she can do to feel the same way when she is alive. As this happens, she spots significant symbols that represent her life. In the fifth stanza, the narrative figure uses euphemism as a way to symbolize the mysterious places that she encounters at her time ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Because I Could Not Stop for Death2013 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of Because I Could Not Stop for Death The poets of the nineteenth century wrote on a variety of topics. One often used topic is that of death. The theme of death has been approached in many different ways. Emily Dickinson is one of the numerous poets who uses death as the subject of several of her poems. In her poem Because I Could Not Stop for Death, death is portrayed as a gentleman who comes to give the speaker a ride to eternity. Throughout the poem, Dickinson develops herRead MoreAnalysis Of Because I Could Not Stop For Death963 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† and â€Å"The Bustle in a House† are two poems by Emily Dickinson that portray death in very different ways. â€Å" Because I Could Not Stop For Death† is written from the perspective of a woman who has recently died about her eternal journey with a kind Death. â€Å"The Bustle in a House,† on the other hand, is about how one reacts to the death of a loved one. Through these two poems, Dickinson employs literary devices such as personification and metaphor to portray two differentRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``870 Words   |  4 PagesThemes of death all ring loud and clear in Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death†, Donne’s â€Å"Death, be not proud†, and Cherry’s â€Å"Alzheimer’sâ⠂¬ . The poems are not explicitly about the act of dying, but death is personified or even foreshadowed in the work. Each piece has a different tone when referencing Death. Two of the poems reference Death by name, the last poem doesn’t specifically speak about dying or death per se, but based on the title, â€Å"Alzheimer’s†, it is clear that death is imminentRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop For Death Literary Analysis918 Words   |  4 Pagesand a positive subject, death, on the other hand, has numerous definitions between each person. Some people consider death to be morbid, horrifying, and a negative thing, whereas others celebrate death and believe that their soul will live forever. Each of the countless observations of life and death are portrayed in diverse types of literature. One contributor and writer of such literature includes Emily Dickinson. In her poems â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† and â€Å"I Felt a Funeral in My Brainâ₠¬ Read MoreAnalysis of Because I Could Not Stop for Death Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pageswhere regular themes include death and mortality. One such poem that exemplifies her â€Å"dark side† is, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death†. In this piece, Dickinson tells the story of a soul’s transition into the afterlife showing that time and death have outright power over our lives and can make what was once significant become meaningless. While we now know this poem as â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death†, it was originally an untitled piece. After Dickinson’s death, her younger sister LaviniaRead More Analysis of Emily Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop for Death803 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Emily Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop for Death In regard to Emily Dickinson’s poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death,† Critic Eunice Glenn says: â€Å"In the first two lines Death, personified as a carriage driver, stops for one who could not stop for him. The word ‘kindly’ is particularly meaningful, for it instantly characterizes Death. This comes with surprise, too, since death is more often considered grim and terrible† (Glenn). Critic Charles R. Anderson says, â€Å"DeathRead More Analysis of Emily Dickinsons Poem, Because I could not stop for Death693 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Emily Dickinsons Poem, Because I could not stop for Death The poem Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson expresses the speakers reflection on death. The poem focuses on the concept of life after death. This poems setting mirrors the circumstances by which death approaches, and death appears kind and compassionate. It is through the promise of immortality that fear is removed, and death not only becomes acceptable, but welcomed as well. As human beings,Read More An Analysis of Emily Dickinsons Poem, Because I Could Not Stop for Death626 Words   |  3 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson refers to death as a gentlemen who unexpectedly visits Dickinson to take her on a journey â€Å"towards eternity† (I. 24). It is very ironic that she considers death as a gentleman, but as we all know it is the total opposite. On the second stanza they both start the slow and peaceful journey. â€Å"We slowly drove, he knew no haste† (I. 5). We can see the tranquility of the scene in which they are. Dickinson here understands the seriousnessRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Death And Dying By Matthew Arnold And Because I Could Not Stop For Death977 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article â€Å"Death and Dying in Literature,† John Skelton stated, â€Å"One of the central tasks of literature is to impose a structure on life and death, giving meaning to both† ( n.p.). Many literary works, including poems, focus on death in one way or another. This is true for â€Å"Dover Beach† by Matthew Arnold and â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson. â€Å"Dover Beach† and â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† provide varying perspectives on the topic of death. In â€Å"Dover Beach,† ArnoldRead More Analysis of I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died and Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson593 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died and Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson wrote many poems in her lifetime. She writes two of my favorite poems. They are: ?I heard a Fly buzz when I died? and ?Because I could not stop for Death?. They both have similarities and differences from each other. There are similarities in these two poems such as the theme and the observentness of the narrator. Both of the poems themes involve death. In ?I heard

Why would you carry a dead body on your back Free Essays

Would you like it if someone killed you just so they could wear your skin? Would you like to be somebody else’s jacket or shoe or handbag? No. So why not say no to cruelty that targets animals just because they cannot say â€Å"no†? Animals shouldn’t have to die just because people want their fur. Have you ever seen a pup that’s skinned alive? Probably not, but I’ve seen it. We will write a custom essay sample on Why would you carry a dead body on your back? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since then I can’t sleep well. Nowadays, when I look at my two year old son, I think the same thing: How would I feel if any creature that was vastly superior to human being was doing the same thing to him. This is my nightmare. Is it possible to understand how a human being kills an animal that can look into the eyes of its killer in full of pain? Read this â€Å"The Secrets of Haiti’s Living Dead† I believe many of you may wish to wear fur because it looks posh and elegant. Especially, when you are young you may not be paying attention to the things happening around you. Therefore; I would like you to imagine that someone has just killed you so they could wear your skin to look nice and feel warm. Now can you try to explain how the feeling was: What is pleasant to get killed because someone wants to wear your skin? Of course, there is no such a word describes this horror. I am sure you all who read this article think that â€Å"This horrible slaughter has to stop.† Having made this clear, let’s consider and analyze the following scenario: A conceited young woman who is following the latest fashion wants to buy a new jacket made from animal skin, and human skin is in fashion for this year. A process has to be made, before the jacket reaches her wardrobe. A mighty corporation who specializes on human skin takes you into captivity. They place you in a twenty squared meters cell along with a hundred others. You don’t get too much treatment. In fact you don’t get any. You are being fed up just enough to survive and you are learning how to swim in a lake full of yours and others wastes. Hardly surviving, comes the day where some of the workers drag you out of the cell in order to skin you alive. Despite your loud cries, you are left skinless and thrown away to suffer a slow painful death. Consider for a moment all your feelings that would be resulted from the above scenario. Now pay attention because every single year 56 million animals killed for their fur worldwide. Let us look now at the other facts; * China is one of the world’s largest suppliers. * Europe by itself is responsible for 70% of the fur breed. * In a year, more than 2 million cats and hundreds of thousands of dogs and seals are killed for their fur in the world. * The British government has banned fur farming in England and Wales in November 2000. * However, animals continue to be killed in many parts of the world. * The main reason of this is trade. * It takes as many as 40 animals just to make 1 fur coat, including coyotes, bobcats, lynxes, opossums, nutria, beavers, muskrats, otters, foxes, minks, bunnies, seals and raccoons. * Animals are often gassed, anally or genitally electrocuted, or poisoned, or their necks are broken. These methods are not always effective: some animals wake up while the skin is being torn off their bodies. * On fur farms, inquisitive and normally free-roaming animals such as foxes, minks and chinchillas spend their entire lives confined to tiny, filthy wire cages. There is a connection between who and what you are and what you make of yourself as a creature and the way in which you treat other living creatures, saying no to cruelty to animals and fur trade is to get closer to humanization again. Furthermore, many celebrities are against fur, such as; Michelle Obama, Charlize Theron, Twiggy Lawson, Sarah Jessica Parker, Pamela Anderson, Pink †¦ and so on. Some of them had very nice messages in their interview, for instance, Pink said â€Å"I’ve always felt that animals are the purest spirits in the world. They don’t fake or hide their feelings and they are the most loyal creatures on the Earth. And somehow we humans think we are smarter- what a joke.† Animals are not ours to wear, walk on or carry our possessions in. Before animal skins reach store shelves, animals live a life of misery, pain, boredom and fear, and many are skinned alive. They suffer so much pain just so people can ‘try’ to look all pretty and classy. I don’t think its classy wearing fur and skin when you know what these poor animals have to go through for you to wear skin or fur! What are your feelings on this and why do you believe the way you do? Skinning animals can be characterized only as cruel and brutal. Well, we are not living in pre-historic age -when we needed- to have to kill animals to get dressed. Hence, people will not suffer from cold, as we have so many materials to wear for any kind of temperature. There is no reason to wear fur, except one which is â€Å"vanity†. These people who have a false sense of what fashion is want to be different from other people. However, it is only their ignorance that makes them stand out from others. We humans may be smarter than any other creatures in the world; however, I also think that we could be the most dangerous human beings on the earth who can kill animals for people to look stylish. How can someone do this to poor and helpless creatures? It is unbelievable. If you cannot stand seeing the violence with your own eyes, do not wear fur as clothes. There is an organization which is called â€Å"PETA† and their aim is to stop animal cruelty. They need your support. Please, right now rush your online donation generously and push everyone to do the same thing genuinely. Together, let’s save more animals from slaughtered. It’s time that fur in fashion went the way of the crop-top and the hair scrunchie: extinct. Do not forget, wearing fur means that you are the mutual of that savageness. We would like to see showcases get bloodless, what about you? How to cite Why would you carry a dead body on your back?, Papers

Increasing Gap between the Wealthy and the Poor Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Increasing Gap between the Wealthy and the Poor. Answer: The increasing gap between the wealthy and the poor The issue of increasing drift between the rich and the poor is pressing because it is directly proportional to the number of rich and poor people in society for many decades now. The scenario is astonishing because the figures between the wealthy and the poor are not proportional. Notably, the inequality between the rich and the poor exist is heightened by accumulated wealth of an individual or a group in society (Gap between rich and poor 'keeps growing' - BBC News, n.d). Also, disparity can be realized between countries whereby one country is endowed with too many resources which it is able to utilize to boost the economy especially the developed countries. On the other end of the spectrum, the developing countries are impacted with poverty because of economy struggle and lack of adequate resources. Therefore, income disparity is a threat that has been in existence and will still exist. The increasing gap between the reach and the poor is a global problem that almost all the presid ents of big nations have not still realized its cure. Furthermore, this is a universal problem that cuts across both the developed and the developing countries. As much as economic growth is realized, income disparity is a common phenomenon in most parts of the world. According to this article (The Real Reason for the Growing Gap Between Rich and Poor, n.d), technology is a double sword that is forming the basis of increasing disparity among the citizens of America. Technology has brought a great impact on employment. Remember, technology has led to the retrenchment of people from their places of work. Responsibilities that low skilled people were used have now been replaced by use of computers or integrated systems which have rapidly rendered people jobless. A country like U.S uses telecommunication systems to source workers from other foreign countries with cheaper labor cost than the native citizens. The implication for cheap labor is that many workers will be chasing view wages which will lead to poor salaries (Morris, 2015). On the other hand, technology is boon to those skilled people from the fields of engineering, law and computer science hence it acts as a complement to their skills. Such people attract high demand for their services that results to competitive salaries thus widening the disparity gap. Also, the issue of gender has brought about the disparity in the income in the sense that in most countries some jobs are meant for men while others are solely designed for ladies however most governments have enacted regulation and rules to fight for gender equality in the society. Inequality comes as a result of men taking well paying jobs such as CEO of the company while the ladies are given lower position in the workplace. More specifically, a place like India, it is known ladies have their specific job in the society as well as men. The Indians have a culture that a woman cannot do a more earning job or a white collar job while her husband is doing a low job in the society (Lau,2008). Therefore, this implies that if couples are born in a poor family, they will be forever poor, whilst if couples belong to a rich family they will be forever rich. In that case, the drift between the people of the social class will remain. Notably, globalization is a contributing factor to disparity because s countries strive to influence international customers and gain a large market share they tend to bring disparity (Bergh et al.,,2016). It is a bit technical to understand this but simply put, countries would like to do business with other countries that are of the same level like they are endowed to the same economic advantage. Therefore, rich countries would like to associate and do businesses with reach countries and vice versa. More often than not, disparity is brought about by the difference between wages and salaries of individuals in the society. The article (Why the Gap Between Rich Poor Is Widening - Salary.com, n.d.) depicts, in most countries, the level of education and expertise skills determine the salary of an individual. Therefore, those people who have acquired knowledge to higher education learning tend to secure well-paying jobs white collar jobs) that attract better salaries. For instance, in China, out the total population, 10% are the richest and are 9.6 times rich as compare to those people with low income. On the other hand, people who are non-skilled or low skilled or dropout will accept to offer cheap labor just to sustain them. Therefore, there is no day equilibrium can be established between the two types of people. For this reason, the gap will still exist because people accept this culture and are ready to maintain the status quo. Besides, in U.S the current rate of tax favor the rich. The tax rate structures have been perceived to favor the rich people. According to this article (Income inequality, 2014), the Bush tax cuts enacted in 2001 and 2003 lowered the marginal tax for high-income earners from 36.9 percent to 35 percent. As a result, the action brings is a disadvantage to low-income earners because the wealthiest will have a large take away because of the reduced tax as the poor face the wrath of the imposed rule. In another perspective, reducing tax rates gives freedom to the top earners to fight for more compensation. Ultimately, this will lead to further widening of the gap between the poor and the rich. Apart from market-driven factors, Lau (2008) argues that there is a remedy for the increasing disparities. The implementation of specific rules will create equality among people of all ages in society. The government can increase the education supply to citizens that will translate to skilled labor. In this case, the government can implement policies that favor and provide education to all either provide education at a cheap fee or give subsidies and supply enough equipment to educational institutions. In the long run, education will be accessible to all citizen hence people quagmire of education differential will be stopped. Consequently, the labor market will be supplied with learned people with almost the same skills hence salaries will be sliced to fit all of them. Therefore, the issue will be curbed upon implementation of such policies. Arguably, if the government can implement a progressive tax structure, the proportion of the disparity will subside (Bergh, Nilsson Waldenstro?m, 2016). The progressive tax structure will impose high tax on the wealthy people as their will be low tax among the poor. Therefore, the poor will have a privilege of benefiting from low taxes hence the income inequality will be reduced in the society. Such a remedy is prevalent especially if it is implemented as a long term project. Also, legislations like formulating policies such as raising the income of low income of the poor will help to reduce the gap between the people of different social class. Introducing minimum wage legislation policy helps to curb problems of income imbalance in the labor market. Besides, the government can opt to offer subsidies to the manufacturing firms which will translate to low product costs. By providing goods and services at cheap prices, the poor will be able to afford the product hence increasing the purchasing power of poor members of the society. In conclusion, the answer to the increasing disparity is not found in prevailing market labor but the situation can be reversed if the government will collaborate with relevant bodies to make fundamental changes in the current system of distribution of wealth. Equality can be realized by changing the rules of the market such that the average income people are given the advantage of bargaining power hence the poor will benefit from such schemes of economic growth. In another perspective, the government can work to introduce some policies to bring equality like formulating minimum wage legislations, making education cheap and available to all, and introducing a progressive tax system are among the strategies that can reduce the gap existing in social class. References Bergh,A., Nilsson,T., Waldenstro?m,D. (2016).Sick of inequality?: An introduction to the relationship between inequality and health. Gap between rich and poor 'keeps growing' - BBC News. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-32824770 Growing Gap Between Rich and Poor. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/stratification inequality-and-social-class-in-the-u-s-9/social-mobility-76/growing-gap-between-rich-and-poor 450-2081/ Income inequality. (2014).Inequality. doi:10.1787/459aa7f1-en Lau,O.C. (2008).Mind the (gender) gap: Institutions, inequality, and individual freedom. Morris,P.A., Hill,H.D., Gennetian,L.A., Rodrigues,C., Wolf,S., University of Wisconsin--Madison. (2015).Income volatility in U.S. households with children: Another growing disparity between the rich and the poor? National Symposium on Family Issues, In Amato,P.R., In Booth,A., In McHale,S., In Van,H.J. (2015).Families in an era of increasing inequality: Diverging destinies. The Real Reason for the Growing Gap Between Rich and Poor. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.newsweek.com/real-reason-growing-gap-between-rich-and-poor-377662 Why the Gap Between Rich Poor Is Widening - Salary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.salary.com/why-the-gap-between-rich-poor-is-widening/slide/5/ Wolff,E.N., Twentieth Century Fund. (1996).Top heavy: The increasing inequality of wealth in America and what can be done about it. New York, NY: New Press.

Physical Education In School Essays - Education, Behavior, Learning

Physical Education In School I believe that Elementary School physical education is an essential curriculum for the development of all children. Early physical education classes provide children with a medium for progression from the random play stage to the eventual organized game and eventual structured learning. Throughout this process, children learn the value of group dynamics. Values such as sharing, team play, communication and respect for others become common practice. Apart from group development, physical education at an early age can also dramatically help children succeed in the classroom environment. All children learn at different rates. Learning new ideas and developing them require time and much practice before reaching some success. Most children at some point during this period will struggle. Physical education at this age can provide children with the opportunity to success and be a sort of mental recess. Games and Play can be developed so that kids can associate learning with activity. Since kids enjoy games and play and can easily succeed in this medium, physical activity therefore confidence bumper that will last forever in every child. Success in play can be carried over into the classroom and in future life endeavors. Physical education for children is also very important in the development of their bodies. During this early period in tier lives, children can develop poor eating habits that make physical play difficult to participate in, eventually weaning children away from physical activity participation. It is therefore important to keep kids involved in physical participation, teaching them the values of participation thereby setting the foundation for physical participation for the rest of their life. Apart from the physical rewards of physical education, children can also expand their creative minds in physical play. Through play, children are free to be as creative as they so wish. Experimentation of the mind and body is a regular occurrence in playgrounds as kids adapts games and develop new challenges for their minds and body. Playgrounds are transformed into foreign lands to explore, fields become stadiums backyard rinks become professional hockey coliseums where legends are made and anyone can be score the winning goal, race to victory and save the world in less than an hours time. These are just some of the values that early physical education can provide to a developing child. The importance of these values as developed through physical education I feel will dictate the levels of personal success any individual will have in their life.

Learn How to Pronounce German Words in English

Learn How to Pronounce German Words in English While the proper way to pronounce some German terms in English may be debatable, this isnt one of them: Porsche is a family name, and the family members pronounce their surname PORSH-uh. Can you remember when the French automaker Renault still sold cars in North America? (If youre old enough, you may recall Renaults Le Car.) In the early days, Americans pronounced the French name ray-NALT. Just about the time that most of us had learned to say ray-NOH correctly, Renault pulled out of the U.S. market. Given enough time, Americans usually can learn to pronounce most foreign words correctly- if you dont include ​maitre d or hors-doeuvres.   Example of Another Silent-E Another â€Å"silent-e† example is also a brand name: Deutsche Bank.   It could be a carryover from the now entrenched mispronunciation of Germanys former currency, the Deutsche Mark (DM). Even educated English-speakers may say â€Å"DOYTSH mark,† dropping the e. With the arrival of the euro and the demise of the DM, German company or media names with â€Å"Deutsche† in them have become the new mispronunciation target: Deutsche Telekom, Deutsche Bank, Deutsche Bahn, or Deutsche Welle. At least most people get the German â€Å"eu† (OY) sound right, but sometimes that gets mangled as well. Neanderthal or Neandertal Most informed people prefer the more German-like pronunciation nay-ander-TALL. Thats because Neanderthal is a German word and German does not have the th sound of English â€Å"the.† The Neandertal (the alternate English or German spelling) is a valley (Tal) named for a German by the name of Neumann (new man). The Greek form of his name is Neander. The fossilized bones of Neandertal man (homo neanderthalensis is the official Latin name) were found in the Neander Valley. Whether you spell it with a t or th, the better pronunciation is nay-ander-TALL without the th sound.   German Brand Names On the other hand, for many German brand names (Adidas, Braun, Bayer, etc.), the English or American pronunciation has become the accepted way to refer to the company or its products. In German, Braun is pronounced like the English word brown (same for Eva Braun, by the way), not BRAWN. But youll probably just cause confusion if you insist on the German way of saying Braun, Adidas (AH-dee-dass, emphasis on the first syllable) or Bayer (BYE-er). The same goes for Dr. Seuss, whose real name was Theodor Seuss Geisel (1904-1991). Geisel was born in Massachusetts to German immigrants, and he pronounced his German name SOYCE. But now everyone in the English-speaking world pronounces the authors name to rhyme with goose.   Frequently Mispronounced Terms German in Englishwith correct phonetic pronunciation Word/Name Pronunciation Adidas AH-dee-dass Bayer bye-er BraunEva Braun brown(not brawn) Dr. Seuss(Theodor Seuss Geisel) soyce GoetheGerman author, poet GER-ta (er as in fern)and all oe-words Hofbruhausin Munich HOFE-broy-house Loess/Lss (geology)fine-grained loam soil lerss (er as in fern) NeanderthalNeandertal nay-ander-tall Porsche PORSH-uh **Phonetic guides shown are approximate. English in Germanwith common German mispronunciation Wort/Name Aussprache airbag (Luftkissen) air-beck chatten (to chat) shetten corned beef kornett beff live (adj.) lyfe (live=life) Nike nyke (silent e) ornee-ka (German vowels)

Race and gender econ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Race and gender econ - Essay Example e other hand, if they have altered – then men and women began to have more flexible understanding and perceptions about their roles and family duties. Communities and Africa were based on hunting and gathering. Traditionally, the role of men and women had different dimension in comparison with the rest of the world. Early theories had focused on the social and biological development in people and referred to men as hunters and meat providers, whereas the women were taking care of the children and gathered wild fruits. Woman gathered also roots, nuts, honey, grains and men were hunting to provide the meat and fur (Gender roles and sexuality, 2002). Women are assessed as caregivers and mothers and men are perceived as protectors and hunters. These roles correspond to the passive roles that women had and their social placement. Women were subordinated and men dominated. These culturally and socially stereotyped gender roles interpret males not only as hunters, but also as active invaders and guardians. Therefore the hunting-gathering societies were patriarchal focused and male-centered. Females as gatherers had decentralized role within the community. What is more because of their reproductive functions women were less mobile and their economic role less viable (Dahlberg, 1981). Horticulture is the first evidence of sedentary lifestyle and anthropologists have called such groups Horticulturists. Horticultural societies depended on cultivating fruits, plants and vegetables. During horticulture period men were the ones to plow, dig or hoe the land in order to cultivate it. In general men were responsible to cleaning the land, while women plant, crop, harvest and stored the production. Also during this period men continued to hunt, however, they were less productive in their hunting and societies started to domesticate animals. The role of men and women changed, because men had to trade the crops and because groups began to settle down. Kinship played an immense

Americas Equality is our Shared Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Americas Equality is our Shared Reality - Essay Example Without these equalities, there could be no freedom. Fuchs clarifies the unique relationship we have with freedom and equality when he testifies, "Liberty was grounded in what they called the equality of every person under God, a belief asserted in the Declaration of Independence". Equality is not a myth; it is an idea and concept that our law, culture, and freedom is rooted in. It is a reality that we continue to struggle to attain and vigilantly guard to preserve as much today as we did in 1776. Jefferson's immortal words, "all men are created equal", were meant to be an ideal to aspire to, and that ideal is as real today as it was then. They were not stated as an accurate reflection of the current state of affairs in 1776. Jefferson did not imply that there was absolute equality and that all men would forever be treated fairly. He was keenly aware of the injustices facing the infant Nation as well as he understood the long road that lie ahead towards true liberty. Jefferson, a slaveholder all his life, was against the institution of slavery and looked forward to the day of its abolishment. As if looking into the future with crystal clear vision, Jefferson understood the grave issues at stake for America and the looming threat of violence and destruction if the people failed to accept his words. Writing of the necessity of a movement toward eventual emancipation, he writes in his Autobiography, in the year 1820, It was found that the public mind would not yet bear the proposition, nor will it bear it even at this day. Yet the day is not distant when it must bear and adopt it, or worse will follow. Nothing is more certainly written in the book of fate than that these people are to be free []. The reality of Jefferson's notion of equality is further evidenced by the slow, yet steady, progress America has made towards these concepts. When drastically altering our culture, laws, and society, change must necessarily proceed at a deliberate pace. While for many change has not come quick enough, we can view America's commitment to Jefferson's words and the reality of the idea by comparing 1776 to today. When the Declaration of Independence was written, there was an entrenched system of slavery that affected a single race. Women were not allowed to own property and only a minority of the population were allowed to vote. The issue of the displaced Native Americans still loomed in the future. Sixty years after the revolution for equality, women were granted the right to own property. Every generation since then has seen more equality affecting more people than their parents had witnessed. The next generation saw these immortal words reaffirmed at Gettysburg, P.A., when Lincoln proclaimed that America was, "[] conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal". Equality was no myth to Lincoln as he tackled the difficult task of freeing the slaves and playing out the prediction that Jefferson had made forty years earlier. Ensuing years would be graced with the monumental Fourteenth Amendment, which once again framed Jefferson's words as it reads, "[] nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal

Genetics and Linguistics in Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition

Genetics and Linguistics in Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition Introduction Population movement may be utilised to reconstruct activities during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition. Recent research particularly that relating to genetics and isotopic analysis, has been employed to assist in this tracking of movement, though issues with this process have arisen, as will be discussed below. Generally when analysing the transition archaeologists have tended to focus primarily on a change in economy, compiling set criteria which indicate either Mesolithic people or Neolithic people, and leaving very little room for additional interpretations. Though efforts are now being employed to allow for other interpretations. The scientific approach, encompassing both genetics and linguistics, when combined with archaeological methods can provide a window into human movements during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition. Linguistics clearly would have constituted a huge element of culture and social differentiation from other groups or ethnicities (or inclusion within your ow n group), though evidence of linguistics is vague and circumstantial at present. The archaeology of the transition has been the main focus, which is likely because it is the most tangible evidence which remains. However it is important to remember that this is also subject to the bias of interpretation. While addressing the benefits and draw backs of genetics and linguistics we need to remain aware of the general questions surrounding the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition. Was the transition the result of a movement of farmers, foragers who adopted farming or was it a combination of the two? At what speed did the transition occur, was it a gradual or rapid affair? Furthermore the classification of the Neolithic package, which refers to, agriculture, domestic animals, polished stone tools, pottery and settlement, are also often questioned. This is directly linked to the question of what we classify as Mesolithic or Neolithic. The recent trend has focused primarily on the mosaic nature of the transition, examining it in a very detailed manner. While this is a valid method archaeologists must be consistently conscious that results derived from individual sites do not necessarily represent larger scale activity (Robb and Miracle, 2007). Genetics, Archaeology and Mobility during the Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition: Past genetic processes have embedded specific signatures in the genes of modern populations. Therefore genetic data has the capability to further inform our knowledge of the transition. Increasingly archaeologists have accepted the importance of acknowledging the variety, messiness and localness of the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in direct contrast to those looking specifically at the bigger picture. Amongst those looking at the larger scale view are geneticists and scientists (Cooney, 2007). The study of genetics, is the science of hereditary and variation in organisms, Y Chromosome (male) and Mt DNA (female). The following section refers to the term haplotype which is a set of closely linked genetic markers, it is half of a genotype, which is the specific allelic composition of a cell. An allelic is one or more forms of a gene (Everything Bio 2007). Genetic evidence generally includes mitochondrial, Y chromosomal and classical marker evidence derived from modern populations. One of the main issues to be considered when reviewing the data from genetic research is the relatively small data sets in addition to distinguishing patterns within the genetic DNA of modern populations when using them to determine ancient DNA patterns. Nevertheless the modern composition of the European gene pool appears to reflect these early colonising movements more strongly than any other demographic event in prehistory. It has been estimated that around 85 per cent of European mitochondrial sequences probably originated in the upper Palaeolithic of Europe. There have been a number of issues identified with early attempts to use DNA to track mobility of ancient peoples. These were primarily to do with contamination. However it must also be considered that this form of data is statistical and often is recorded and then displayed in huge quantities which in turn complicates the process. Y chromosome is the male line and the mitochondrial DNA is the female line. There is also the additional problem of time depth, as while it is possible to retrieve genetic patterns it is important to note that they are not defined or distinguished in terms of period of existence. So movement of people represented in the data reflects not just the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition but also movement of people in the time since then, such as during the Roman period (Zvelebil 2008). Data from protein markers (sometimes called classical markers) are still more abundant than are data from DNA, although this situation is rapidly changing. Molecular genetic markers have provided previously unavailable resolution into questions of human evolution, migration and the historical relationship of separated human populations. Different evolutionary models are relevant to the different continents. Migration can profoundly affect genomic variation within a population. For most populations are rare exchange of marriage partners between groups occurs and an average of one immigrant per generation in a population is sufficient to avoid fixation of alleles. However, sometimes a whole population (or a part of it) may migrate and settle elsewhere. Thus the frequencies of alleles among the founders of the new population will differ from those of the original population and will inevitably differ again from those among which it settles. The genetic effects of early forager farmer intermarriages would have multiplied themselves through the hundreds of human generation since the Neolithic. Genetic models that tracing backward from modern populations tend to be highly sensitive to relatively small between hunter gatherers and farmers. For example geneticists studying the y chromosome in modern Europeans often argue that Neolithic farming spread primarily through demic diffusion or the migrations of the farmers themselves. In addition geneticists, while studying mitochondrial DNA in modern Europeans, have suggested that there is a large Palaeolithic component in modern Europeans. Thus because the Y chromosome is inherited strictly along the paternal line and mtDNA is inherited maternally, it may be the case that small groups of Neolithic men intermarried with indigenous women. An ancient DNA study appears to support this in that a particular mtDNA haplotype n1a found in early Neolithic female skeletons is comparatively rare among modern Europeans (Bentley 2007). LBK farming, rather than arriving as a wave of advance, is thought to have leap froged from the North East to the Mediterranean. Theories surrounding the movement of LBK farmers tend to suggest that they could move an entire village society 20km or 30 km in a decade but that it would take foragers much longer than this. Foragers are thought to have been mobile over larger territories, for them a distance of 50km may be considered as one journey between one foraging group to the next, but they would encounter many more settled farmers along the way (Robb and Miracle, 2007). It has been proposed that the spread of farming increased local population densities, causing demic expansion into new territory and diffusive gene flow between the Neolithic farmers and Mesolithic groups (Sokal, 1991). It is likely that different regions must have experienced different blends of cultural exchanges and migratory movements. Researchers have the ability to test the effect of factors such as, prehistoric population sizes, rates of gene flow, and mutation rates, on the likelihood of different scenarios. In the near future, they will also allow users to integrate information from the growing body of ancient genetic diversity, in addition to the broad modern data sets (Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman 2003). Demographic growth in the well identified, specific areas of origin of agriculture must have stimulated a continuous peripheral population expansion wherever the new technologies were successful. Demic expansion is the name given to the phenomenon (that is, farming spread by farmers themselves) as contrasted with cultural diffusion (that is, the spread of farming technique without movement of people). Innovations favouring demographic growth would be expected to determine both demic and cultural diffusion. Recent research suggests a roughly equal importance of demic and cultural diffusion of agriculture from the Near East into Europe in the Neolithic period. Molecular studies using mitochondrial DNA, Y chromosome DNA and nuclear DNA differ in their assessment of the contribution of near eastern farmers to the European gene pool. Some mitochondrial DNA studies suggest that the contribution of near eastern farmers to the European gene pool is about 20%, a similar percent 22% is suggested by a y chromosome study. However the same data was re-examined by Chikhi et al. Who found that by using a different methodology, they resulted with an average contribution of between 50% and 60% from near eastern farmers to the European gene pool. Estimations depend not only in the markers employed but also on the model used and its inherent assumptions. Nuclear DNA studies support a European gene pool. Thus many genetic studies d to support the idea of demic diffusion at some level but there is still a lack of consensus with regard to the percentage of the contribution of early near eastern farmers to the European gene pool (Pinhasi et al, 2005). Linguistics and Archaeology, during the Transition Human languages are an integral aspect of behaviour and culture. Phylogenetic trees are constructed from linguistic elements, portray the evolution of languages (Pagel 2009). There is generally a strong correlation between genetic tree clusters and language families. It is likely that language shifts have become more common recently as a result of massive colonisations made possible by development of mobility due to developed infrastructure, transportation and colonisation. In Europe during the nineteenth century much of the archaeological focus of the transition was directed towards classification and sequences of economy. Around the middle of the nineteenth century the whole study of the subject entered a new phase which was linguistic rather than archaeological. It was by now generally assumed that the similarities in the different Indo-European languages were to be explained by their derivation from a single ancestral language, older than Greek or Latin or Sanskrit (Renfrew 1990, p 14). This proto-Indo-European could be reconstructed by studying what was common to specific cognate words in the different languages. Renfrew discusses Childes extreme views published regarded superiority in physique and the vehicles of a superior language (Renfrew 1990, p15-16). Marija Gimbutas has located the Indo European homeland in the Steppes of South Russia. She refers to Kurgan culture and states that it is the last candidate for a Proto-Indo-European homeland based on the common words compiled to reconstruct the original ancient language. Renfrew has difficulty with this as it is still dependent on the construction of the mother language. Renfrew also highlights the problem of how to explain the historical circumstances within which languages would be replaced? Taken in isolation neither archaeological nor genetic evidence can shed much light on the linguistic identity or ethnicity of the colonising population although when combined together some suggestion can be made. It is generally assumed that the western population were either rare indo-European or proto indo-European setting the stage for North central Europe as the homeland of indo Europeans. Large sections of this population in northern Europe would have to adopt indo European speech subsequently from indo European farming groups penetration central Europe from the near east and east Mediterranean as suggested by Renfrew and modified for temperate and northern Europe. Another key figure within the field of linguistics is Oppenheimer. In his text The Origins of the British (2007), he has suggested of Celtic origin, that neither Anglo-Saxons nor Celts had much impact on the genetics of the inhabitants of the British Isles, and that British ancestry mainly traces back to the Palaeolithic Iberian people, now represented best by Basques. He also argued that the Scandinavian input had been underestimated. It has also been put forward that geography and climate have had an influence on the genetics and culture of Britain (Oppenheimer 2007, 21-26). Languages, like genes, provide vital clues about human history. As mentioned already the origin of the Indo-European language family is the most intensively studied, yet still most recalcitrant, problem of historical linguistics. Numerous genetic studies of Indo-European origins have also produced inconclusive results (Gray and Atkinson 2003). Glottochronology is an approach in historical linguistics for estimating the time at which languages diverged, based on the assumption that the basic (core) vocabulary of a language changes at a constant average rate. This term is sometimes interchangeable with lexicostatistics though the latter refers to statistical manipulation of lexical material for historical inferences and is not necessarily associated with dates (Campbell, 2004). It is not usually accepted as a valid methodology, as it has certain inherent issues. The derivation of modern languages mostly or completely from a single language spoken in East Africa does not mean that this was the only language in existence at the time. When analysing Indo-European language data, the following are often included: the ancient Celtic language of Gaul (modern France), within which is a split between Gaulish (Continental Celtic) and the British form (Insular Celtic), with Insular Celtic subsequently splitting into Brythonic (Welsh, Breton) and Goidelic (Irish and Scottish Gaelic). Taken together, the network thus suggests that the Celtic language arrived in the British Isles as a single wave (and then differentiated locally), rather than in the traditional two-wave scenario (P-Celtic to Britain and Q-Celtic to Ireland). In 1786 Sir William Jones discovered remarkable similarities between Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Gothic, Celtic, and Persian, indicating a common source for these languages, possibly Indo-European language. Then in 1863 Schleicher proposed an evolutionary tree of descent for the Indo-European language family, followed by Charles Darwin who introduced the evolutionary tree concept to the descent of species. Schmidt (1872) published the wave model which denotes that distinct languages increasingly acquire similarities through borrowing. More recently it has been proposed to unite these two models into a single network diagram of language evolution (Forster and Toth, 2003). Conclusion Simple explanations at odds with a complex human history Critique: complex data, requires degree of manipulation to display How does this relate to and affect archaeology? And what we know about mobility and migration during the transition? Confusion between names and genetics. Ancient dna NIa very rare in Europe, haplotype, example that lineages do die out and not all colonisation works. This is further complicated when you look at animals. Cattle and pigs are descendnt fomr the north east but pigs are descendant from a combination of north west domestication. Bear deliberately introducted to Ireland. The past decade of advances in molecular genetic technology has heralded a new era for all evolutionary studies, but especially the science of human evolution. Data on various kinds of DNA variation in human populations have rapidly accumulated. Haploid markers from mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome have proven invaluable for generating a standard model for evolution of modern humans. Co-evolution of genes with language and some slowly evolving cultural traits, together supports and supplements the standard model of genetic evolution. The advances in our understanding of the evolutionary history of humans attests to the advantages of multidisciplinary research (Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman 2003). Reference List Bentley, R.A. Price, T.D. and Stephan, E. (2004) Determining the local 87 Sr/86 Sr range for archaeological skeletons a case study from Neolithic Europe, in Journal of Archaeological Science 31, 365-375. Bentley, A. 2007 Mobility, specialisation and community diversity in the linearbandkermik: isotopic evidence from the skeletons, proceedings of the British academy 144, 117-140. http://www.everythingbio.com/glos/definition.php?ID=3035 Campbell, L. 2004 Historical Linguistics An Introduction, Great Britain: Edinburgh University Press p201 Zvelebil, M. (2008) Innovating hunter gatherers: the Mesolithic in the Baltic. In: Baily G. And Spikins, P. (ed.) Mesolithic Europe, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp 18-59. Gray, R. And Atkinson, Q.D. 2003 Language-tree divergence times support the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin, Nature Reviews Genetics, 426, 435-439, online, accessed 20/03/10. Pagel, M. (2009) Human language as a culturally transmitted replicator, Nature Reviews Genetics, 10, 405-415, online, accessed 23/03/10. Forster, P. and Toth, A. 2003 Towards a phylogenic chronology of ancient Gaulish, Celtic and Indo European, proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of America, online access 28/03/10. Renfrew, C. 1990 Archaeology and Language: the puzzle of Indo-European origins Cambridge University Press: united kingdom, 14-20. Cavalli-Sforza, L. And Feldman, M. 2003 The Application of Molecular Genetic Aproaches to the Study of Human Evolution, in Review Nature Genetics 33, 266-275. Oppenheimer, S. 2007 The origins of the British: a genetic detective story, Robin Publishing: London, pp 21-26. Barbujani, G and Chikhi, L. 2006 DNAs from the European Neolithic in Heredity 97, 84-85, online, accessed 20/10/10. Cooney, G. (2007) Parallel worlds or multi-stranded identities? Considering the process of going over in Ireland and the Irish Sea zone. In: A. Whittle and V. Cummings (Ed.). Going Over: the Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in North-West Europe,London: British Academy pp. 543-566. Robb, J. And Miracle, P. 2007 Beyond migration versus acculturation new models for the spread of agriculture, Proceedings of the British Academy 144, 99-115. Sokal, R. Oden, N. And Wilson, C. 1991 Genetic evidence for the spread of agriculture in Europe by demic diffusion, in nature 351, 143-145, online accessed 22/03/10.

War is A Such a Waste

War is unquestionably a noticeable presence throughout the history of the human race. In the last century alone, violence and anger has stretched worldwide twice. Little skirmishes constantly erupt. Even terrorism is a form of war. Everyone wants to be in charge, and have everything go their way, resorting to violence and fear tactics to achieve this. But is it worth it? Are the lives, and economy, including both time and resources, really worth sacrificing in order to gain political achievement? The most obvious waste in war is the lives. Thousands die, on both sides, and even lives that have nothing to do with the issues involved. In an ideal world, only soldiers and leaders would be the ones to suffer. However, more than just these two groups are injured, and killed in combat. In open war, soldiers, nurses, and animals working for both sides of the army die. Also, civilians, including old men, women, and children that happen to be too near the action, are also slaughtered. The surrounding environment, flora and fauna suffer grievously. Bullets, bombs, gases, poisons, and tanks have all caused more than their share of lives to be ended in the name of benefiting some goal. The worst are all the innocent lives that our lost. This is not only a modern thing, since warfare began those too close to the front line, or in some way threatening the cause, have been murdered. Their is often wartime â€Å"battles† with the word, massacre, attached to the name. In these cases, often soldiers, police, or militia attack and slaughter unarmed civilians, who are often only protesting a simple thing, using non-violentmethods. A well-known case at the moment is in East Timor. They voted for freedom, and our now being hunted down in the streets, shot if seen walking through the town. And when speaking of waste of lives in war time, it is impossible to not bring up World War II. The notorious death camps can not escape mention. Millions were gathered from their peaceful homes, and brought to these camps to be worked and starved to death, if not immediately beaten, shot, or gassed. Over 6 millions Jews alone lost their lives in this senseless ways. This is not even counting the gypsies, Slavs, and handicapped that were suffering in similar ways in the hopes of reaching a goal, in this case, the goal of purifying Germany. Time is also wasted in several ways. First, the progress forward people could be making usually stops during war, or is at least limited to new weapon making technology. The government doesn†t support certain organizations as much as in the past, and there are sometimes just not enough people to work the man-hours necessary. Time is also wasted, in a less direct way, by the things people miss out. Like education for example. War time education is of much poorer standards than education in peace. This will later affect the economy, when untaught children make their way into the business world. Resources are also squandered during war. Raw materials, such as those from mines, are often put into making weapons, which serve only one purpose, to kill. They are then lost in the blood and violence. In history, materials are often recalled to be melted down and reformed into things useful to the war effort. Manufacturing on peaceful items is halted, and turned over to the construction of airplane parts, tank, bullets, etc. Farming suffers, setting back the nation. There is not enough money in the national budget to pay to help small farmers, or farmers families whose main provider went off to work. Money is wasted, going towards the war budget instead of science, education, and other divisions set forth to better the future for the whole of humanity. It is questionable, however, whether these are truly wasted. It†s is clear, and unarguable that many things are squandered and spent in a time of war. However, if all negotiating fails, perhaps they aren†t such a waste. Lives are a terrible thing to waste, but it is better to lose thousands, than to lose millions. It still is not right that things should die, when they are not even involved. But if the battle that took their lives had not taken place, who knows what their lives would have become. When you have a person who will not listen to reason, breaks any deal you make, and wholly ignores what†s right and wrong, force is sometimes the only thing they understand. The time spent is one of the most difficult, because there is no way to get it back. If people do not take a break from their jobs to fix the evils in the world, who knows if they†re job would still be there down the road. The resources are not unlimited, but if not spent on materials for war, then the military would stumble, unable to withstand the powerful, better equipped adversary. These things are wasted, but war, as a whole, is not a waste.

Mediquip Case

1) The major strength that Thaldorf possesses is that the model of the CT scanner is the latest one. It is two years in advance, so that, there would be no risk of obsolescence for a long time. Moreover, they enjoy the word-of-mouth from their current consumers, i. e. other hospitals in the similar size of LUH. However, unlike their competitors, they do not understand the market situation and decision-makers well. There are more than one person involving in the decision making process but they do not know which one possesses the most of the power. Also, their price is not competitive enough.The price range of a CT scanner is wide and Mediquip charges at the upper end which could not meet expectation of price-sensitive buyers. 2) There are altogether 3 people in the decision making process. Professor Steinborn: a nationally-known radiologist. He is the one who use the scanner so he cares the quality and functions the most. Though he shows his favor to Mediquip, Mediquip still lost the order, so it seems he does not own a great power. Dr. Rufer: a physicist. His primary concern is the patients’ safety if the scanner could meet the technical specifications that he raised. Mr.Hartman: the general director of LUH. He put price as the top priority and also the durability of machines and delivery. It seems like he possesses the greatest power in the whole decision making process since price is the very major reason of the loss of order. 3) Generally speaking, Thaldorf could have effective and positive interaction with the above-mentioned persons. Though Professor Steinborn was once shocked that the price could not be discussed, he was soon pacified and even talked about his vacation. And he even told the Sigma’s price to Thaldorf, it shows his favor to Mediquip. ) September 3 Firstly, it was told by the secretary that there were a lot of heated discussions. It implies that there might be even arguments between Hartman who concerns price and Steinborn who favors Mediquip. And obviously, Steinborn lost from the discussions. And so, Hartman just like put-off Thaldorff asking him to give a final offer but the decision was made actually unless Mediquipp could really offer a competitive low price. 5) From this case, we should understand that, sometimes, possessing the newest model may mean nothing and we have to understand our customers better.You may encounter a lot of people during the process, but the important thing is to get the most powerful decision-maker pleased and favor to your product. Only that could bring you the order. Cause sometimes even your product is the best among the competitors, your customer may not know it. Therefore, the best practice is to formulate different strategies according to different customers, like if he is price-sensitive and do not know much about the product, different models with different prices could be introduced. And the customer could just choose whatever within his budget.

The Rebel by Albert Camus - 787 Words

Albert Camus and the Notion of Rebel Published in 1951, ‘The Rebel’ by Camus traces the concept of ‘man in revolt’ through history and literature and history. Camus offers his perspectives on society and where the limits of governance should be set. Looking at various incidents in the course of history, Camus makes special mention of his life-long, passionate battle against the cruelty of capital punishment, and murder by trial. Camus also mention the support Communism gives to such judgment even if Communism need not necessarily facilitate direct methods to do so. Similar to his previous works, The Stranger and The Myth of Sisphyphus, Camus’ notion of The Absurd remains to be the spearhead of his philosophy and his rather peculiar approach to life. â€Å"We are living in an era of premeditation and the perfect crime. Our criminals are no longer helpless children who could plead love as their excuse. On the contrary, they are adults and they have a perfect alibi: philosophy which can be used for any purpose – even for transforming murderers into judges.† Camus uses this as his strike against what he sees as one of the world’s greatest evils – rationally justified murder. This strike became evident once Reflections on the Guillotine, one of his later works, was published in 1957. But perhaps the major concern of the book is in the name itself, ‘The Rebel’, or the notion of rebellion to be exact. He defines the concept of rebellion, what it is that pushes a man to his precipice,Show MoreRelatedSummary Of Albert Camuss The Plague747 Words   |  3 PagesAnd the secret to freedom is courage† (Thucydides). Albert Camus, much like Nietzsche did not believe that death, suffering, or the human existence had any underlying moral or rational meaning due to the fact that he did not believe in God or even an afterlife for that matter. 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Through working jobs, Camus entered college in the UniversityRead MoreThe Myth Of Sisyphus By Albert Camus Analysis1190 Words   |  5 PagesOther Essays, author and philosopher Albert Camus develops the theme of existentialism through his ideas of the absurd, suicide, and hope. By addressing prominent questions such as â€Å"what does it mean to live?† and â€Å"what is my real identity?†, Camus emphasizes that the true â€Å"purpose† in life is to embrace the freedom of being able to choose how we define our lives, even if life ultimately has no meaning. In this research paper, I wanted to further analyze Camus’ ideas, along with my other sources,Read More Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Meursault as Metaphysical Rebel1996 Words   |  8 PagesMeursault as Metaphysical Rebel in The Stranger (The Outsider)  Ã‚     Ã‚   The Stranger by Albert Camus was published in 1942. The setting of the novel is Algiers where Camus spent his youth in poverty. 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The Stranger is a book written about a young man whose mother dies, which soon leads him to becoming acquainted with the feeling of not caring about what his actions do to others or himself. The main characterRead MoreEssay about Art, Liberation, Rebellion and Relevance868 Words   |  4 PagesThe evolutionary advantage of creativity has an early manifestation in the form of decorative body art. Art is creation, not to say that every creation is necessarily art. The seed of creation is thought. â€Å"To think is first of all to create a world (Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus and other essays, 1955, p. 99).† The creative process is an undoubtedly a psychological one and therefore ultimately rooted in the physiology of the human body. The human psyche is faced with a duality and it is in this thatRead MoreExistentialism And The Beliefs Of The Movement1454 Wo rds   |  6 Pagescentury. Some basic foundational ideas of existentialism are found in early Buddhist and Christian writings, which may have been the starting point for the movement. Also, like existentialism’s previous philosophical ideas that came before it, it rebels against traditional Western thought that believes rationality and consciousness are the key points to understanding the human condition. According to Jean-Paul Sartre, a famous existentialist, â€Å"existence precedes and rules essence† (Andrea 665). ARead MoreThe Stranger Critical Analysis1788 Words   |  8 Pages Works in Translation Assignment: The Stranger by Albert Camus In society, many people will reach a stage in their life where they encounter an â€Å"existential crisis† and begin to seek answers by questioning the meaning of their existence, or whether a meaning truly exists. Absurdism is the school of thought which argues that meaning is inherently absent in the universe, but that one must embrace this to live freely. Albert Camus uses this philosophy to masterfully craft The Stranger